Czars

=﻿= = ﻿Russian Czars﻿ = = By Zach Becher =

= from @http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/hornton/890/LLL.html
 * //__ The Ruriks (rulers of Moscow) __// ||
 * Ivan I || 1325-1340 ||
 * Simon || 1340-1353 ||
 * Ivan II || 1353-1359 ||
 * Dimitrij Ivanovich || 1359-1389 ||
 * Vasilij I || 1398-1425 ||
 * Vasilij II || 1425-1462 ||
 * //__ The Ruriks (czars of Russia) __// ||
 * Ivan III || 1462-1505 ||
 * Vasilij III || 1505-1533 ||
 * Ivan IV, the terrible || 1533-1584 ||
 * Feodor I || 1584-1598 ||
 * Boris Godunov || 1598-1605 ||
 * Feodor II || 1605 ||
 * Dimitrij, the false || 1605-1606 ||
 * Vasilij IV Sjujsky || 1606-1610 ||
 * In Polish possession || 1610-1613 ||
 * //__ The House of Romanov __// ||
 * Michail III || 1613-1645 ||
 * Alexej Michailovich || 1645-1676 ||
 * Feodor III || 1676-1682 ||
 * Ivan V || 1682-1696 ||
 * Peter I, the great || 1682-1725 ||
 * Catherine I || 1725-1727 ||
 * Peter II || 1727-1730 ||
 * Anna Ivanova || 1730-1740 ||
 * Ivan VI and grand duchess Anna Leopoldovna || 1740-1741 ||
 * Elizabeth || 1741-1762 ||
 * //__ The House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov __// ||
 * Peter III || 1762 ||
 * Catherine II, the great || 1762-1796 ||
 * Paul I || 1796-1801 ||
 * Alexander I || 1801-1825 ||
 * Nicholas I || 1825-1855 ||
 * Alexander II || 1855-1881 ||
 * Alexander III || 1881-1894 ||
 * Nicholas II || 1894-1917 ||

There has been 26 Czars in the history of Russia

There were only 2 ruling families.

=Children of the last Czar﻿= The last czar had 5 children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei

=Murder of the last czar= On July 17, after midnight, the family was woken up and led to a basement room along with four aides. Aleksei and Alexandra were given chairs. A group of armed men entered the room, and a local commander announced that, by order of the regional soviet committee, they were all to be shot. Yakov Yurovsky, the commander, later wrote: "The others then made a few incoherent exclamations… Then the shooting started." The tsar was killed instantly by the first bullet; Alexandra died next. The rest were shot in the following two or three minutes. Aleksei and three of his sisters were not killed instantly and "had to be shot again." The last daughter was still not dead after the second round of bullets. "When they tried to finish off one of the girls with bayonets, the bayonet could not pierce the corset. Thanks to all this, the entire procedure took around 20 minutes." According to sources, the bodies were transported by truck to a forest clearing several hundred yards from the Ekaterinburg-Perm railway line, stripped of their clothing, in at least some cases badly burned (most likely by sulfuric acid), and then unceremoniously dumped in a relatively small and shallow pit. According to Yurovksy's account this was not the victims' first burial site--two days after the murder, the bodies were retrieved from the mine shaft down which they were initially deposited on the day of execution and then reburied out of fear that they might be discovered by the approaching White Army =

= Czar (also spelled as tsar) literally means an emperor or a male monarch. It is derived from the Latin word //Caesar// that was the title of Roman emperors. Czar also means a person with power. The Russian czars were the rulers of Russia, whose reign began with Ivan the Terrible and ended with Nicholas II. They ruled for nearly 350 years.They ruled from their palace called Winters Palace in St. Petersburg

=[|St. Basil Cathedral]=

St. Basil Cathedral is one of the most outstanding and remarkable monuments of Old Russian architecture. In the 16th century the tourists admired the beauty of the cathedral, and for the Russians it became the symbol of native history and culture. In 1552 the temple consecrated in honor of Saint Trinity was put up. The temple was to commemorate the victory of **__Ivan the Terrible__** over Kazan and Astrakhan khanate. In 1554 Tsar ordered to construct the Cathedral of the Intersection of the Blessed Virgin on the site of the temple. The chapels of the cathedral were commemorating the victory over the Tatars. Later Saint Basil, Moscow "God's fool" was buried in one of the chapels, hence the name of the cathedral. According to chronicles, St. Basil Cathedral was designed by Russian architects Postnik and Barma. There is the legend saying that Ivan the Terrible admired the beauty of the cathedral and ordered to blind the architects so they could never construct such a masterpiece again. Some historians insist that the cathedral was designed by one person - Ivan Barma who had a nickname Postnik as he kept the fast. The legend of the architects' blindness could be refuted by the fact that the name of Postnik was the author of many architectural monuments mentioned in the chronicles after St. Basil Cathedral construction.

=Czars = A male monarch or emperor, especially one of the emperors who ruled Russia until the revolution of 1917.

=Czar rule = 1613-1917

=How did Czars lose power? = The Bolsheviks did not cause the overthrow of the Russian government; they came in after the overthrow with the plan of putting Marxist revolutionary theory to practice. Their plan from the beginning was to develop Russia in such a way as to spread social revolution throughout Europe and eventually the world. The biggest political opponents of the Bolsheviks in Russia, aside from the Czars, were the Mensheviks and Social Democrats, both Marxist groups who also supported Socialism, but were less militant. What is important to understand about the Russian Revolution is that some of the biggest opponents to the Bolsheviks were other Communists. The "brand" of Communism that was promoted by the Bolsheviks was by no means representative of all Communist ideology. Bolshevik ideology was the least tolerant and most revolutionary form of Marxist ideology.

=Why did Czars lose power? = Czar Nicholas II, the last crowned Emperor of Russia, was ill-prepared to receive the crown when his father died prematurely in 1894, and his inability to rule effectively was compounded by a number of difficult events during his reign. The failure of the Russo-Japanese War led to the Russian Revolution of 1905, which Nicholas diffused only after signing a manifesto promising representative government and basic civil liberties in Russia. However, he recanted on a number of his promises, allowing the Bolsheviks and other revolutionary groups to gain wide support. World War I broke out on 1 August 1914, and although unprepared, Nicholas made the mistake of having the Russian forces immediately attack the German province of East Prussia. The Germans mobilised their armies efficiently and completely defeated the two invading Russian armies. The cumulative effect of these events was that Russia suffered severe food shortages, soldiers became war-weary, and morale was at an all-time low. On 15 March 1917, Nicholas was forced to abdicate amidst civil war.